What are Altitude Sicknesses?
High altitude sports, mountaineering, high altitude marathons or cycling events carry special health risks. As you go to higher altitudes, the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere decreases. This can lead to the body not being able to meet its oxygen needs and can cause various altitude sicknesses. In this article, we will focus on what altitude sickness is, its symptoms and how athletes should prepare for such conditions.
Training, competing or climbing at high altitudes can have fatal consequences. We provide consultancy to athletes on preparations before the competition and what to do during the competition and training.
Types of Altitude Sickness
Altitude sicknesses are generally divided into three main categories:
- Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS): It is the most common form and is characterized by symptoms such as headache, nausea, fatigue, and sleep disturbances.
- High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE): It causes fluid to build up in the lungs and can lead to serious symptoms such as shortness of breath and wheezing.
- High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE): It occurs as a result of fluid accumulation in the brain and this can cause serious neurological problems such as dizziness, weakness, and loss of coordination.
Types of Altitude Sickness
The main health problems that can occur at high altitude include acute mountain sickness (AMS), high altitude cerebral edema (HACE) and high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). Symptoms of these diseases can range from mild headache, nausea, fatigue and sleep disturbance to life-threatening cerebral and pulmonary edema.
Risk Reduction and Preparation Process
Adaption: Athletes traveling to high altitude areas are advised to allow their bodies time to adapt to the new conditions, a process that is usually accomplished by gradual ascent over several days.
Hydration: Adequate hydration plays a critical role in preventing altitude sickness. High altitude increases the body’s need for fluids, and dehydration can significantly increase the risk of illness.
Physical Preparation: High altitude can reduce the body's performance capacity. Athletes need special training programs to maintain their performance in these conditions.
Medical Consulting: It is important to consult a healthcare professional before exercising at high altitude. If necessary, medication may be recommended to relieve symptoms.
